a) 

-wikipedia page on ice cap

“An ice cap is a dome-shaped ice mass that covers less than 50 000 km² of land area (usually covering a highland area). Masses of ice covering more than 50 000 km² are termed an ice sheet.[1][2]

Ice caps are not constrained by topographical features (i.e., they will lie over the top of mountains) but their dome is usually centred around the highest point of a massif. Ice flows away from this high point (the ice divide) towards the ice cap’s periphery.[1]

Vatnajökull is an example of an ice cap in Iceland.[3]”

b) http://www.geocities.com/Yosemite/Rapids/4233/ijsbergen.htm

-this website provides facts on ice caps and icebergs

“The Greenland icecap contains 1/8th of the total global ice-mass. The total ice-mass on earth is 30 million. cubic km; Antarctica has 27 million.cubic km; Greenland 2.5 million. cubic km.”

c) http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2005/11/1129_051129_sea_level.html

-this article says that polar ice was there during dino-era

“Dino-Era Earth Had Polar Ice, Low Sea Level, Study Says”

http://www.weatherscapes.com/album.php?cat=miscellaneous&subcat=icicles

-this website provides tons of photos of various icicles 

a)http://www.terradaily.com/reports/Could_Global_Warming_Melt_All_Ice_On_Earth_999.html

-one of many articles that discusses fear of global warming

“If all ice on the earth melted, the level of the oceans would rise by 64 meters. Many coastal cities would be under water, and so would the Netherlands, a significant part of which lies below sea level. However, the Dutch and the rest of the planet may rest assured: this hypothetical catastrophe could not take place anytime within the next thousand years.”

b) http://www.climatehotmap.org/antarctica.html

-this website discusses the impact of global warming in Antarctica

“The impacts of warming temperatures in Antarctica are likely to occur first in the northern sections of the continent, where summer temperatures approach the melting point of water”

c) http://www.agu.org/sci_soc/eismayewski.html

-one can learn about history of climate change by observing ice cores

“Locked within two cores of ancient ice is evidence of unprecedented swings in Earth’s climate throughout the ages. These icy archives tell us that large, rapid, global change is more the norm for the Earth’s climate than is stasis.”

a)http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2002/01/0117_020117antarcticpenguins.html

-an article on nationalgeographic that discusses a problem penguins are facing in Antarctica

“Extensive sea ice and two massive icebergs parked along the coastline of Antarctica disrupted the breeding season of several penguin colonies this year.”

b) http://www.saskschools.ca/~gregory/arctic/Awildlife.html

-an extensive list and descriptions of animals that live on ice

“POLAR BEARS spend most of their time on the pack ice or in the water, where they can hunt their favorite food – the ringed seal. The white fur helps the bear sneak up on seals that are laying on the ice packs. If the bear sees a seal’s breathing hole, it waits by the hole and drags the seal out as soon as its head appears. In the summer it is harder to catch seals, so before summer comes, the bears eat as much as they can to get fat, then live off the fat in their bodies. Females dig dens in the snow where they hibernate during the worst part of the winter. The cubs are born in the den.”

c) http://www.animalplanet.com.au/snow_dwellers/ice_age_dwellers/ice_age_dwellers/index.shtml

-a brief description of ice age animals

“We know about ancient mammals from fossils and even entire frozen mammoth carcasses that have been found in the ice of Siberia.”

a) http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_age

-wikipedia page on ice age

“An ice age is a period of long-term reduction in the temperature of Earth’s climate, resulting in an expansion of the continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and alpine glaciers. Glaciologically, ice age is often used to mean a period of ice sheets in the northern and southern hemispheres; by this definition we are still in an ice age (because the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets still exist). More colloquially, when speaking of the last few million years, ice age is used to refer to colder periods with extensive ice sheets over the North American and Eurasian continents: in this sense, the most recent ice age ended about 11,000 years ago. This article will use the term ice age in the former, glaciological, sense; glacials for colder periods during ice ages; and interglacials for the warmer periods.”

b) http://www.crystalinks.com/iceage.html

-a web site that describes an ice age

“An ice age is a period of long-term downturn in the temperature of Earth’s climate, resulting in an expansion of the continental ice sheets, polar ice sheets and mountain glaciers (“glaciation”).”